I’m going to learn flash.
There. I’ve said it. Now if I don’t, I will have failed, and the world will know!
I’m using (for now) the Pentax AF-540 FGZ along with my Pentax K200D. My goal is to eventually get smaller strobes and use them manually together (á la the strobist style). But for now, I’m starting with the utter basics of the equipment I already have. This is not a scientific assessment, nor will any measurements be precise. I’m writing this in case anyone wants to learn from my mistakes and to document my (fingers-crossed!) progress. I’ll be learning in the hours before I go to work every day, but work is the priority at the moment, so I can’t spend hours measuring everything and writing it down. My primary goal is to LEARN flash, not to teach others. But if they do learn anything from here, great!
I always only shoot in either aperture priority or manual. Shutter speed is some abstract concept to me that only comes into play when I a) try to exceed 1/4000th shutter speed or b) when I try to hand-hold at speeds slower than about 1/6th a second (the longest I can handhold with my lightest lenses). Otherwise, shutter speed is a non-consideration.
So today, I set out to try to “freeze” motion using the flash. I set the flash to P-TTL mode and high-speed sync. I had the 31mm on the camera and wanted to use a wide aperture for shallow depth of field. I set the flash to +1 compensation because I read last night that if you have a light subject (I’m pretty pale), then the camera and flash will try to make it darker to have a more even distribution of light and shadow. So you use a positive compensation for lighter subjects and negative for darker.
This is my setup: a really dark corner of my living room (I moved all the furniture to the other side), lit a little by ambient light and a lamp with a 40watt bulb :

Pretty dark. I’m not going to post my non-flash test shot (I look like death), but at ISO 200 and f/2.8, a properly exposed photo had a shutter speed of 1/2 second. That’s definitely not going to freeze any motion.
This part of the room is narrow, so I set the camera up about 4 feet in front of one off-white wall, and I stood about 4 feet in front of the camera against another off-white wall. I turned the flash all the way down (90° - had it been pointed toward me, if would have fired directly in my face) and rotated it a full 180° so that it would be firing against the wall behind me. The idea was that the flash would illuminate me head-on without much shadow.
In aperture-priority mode, I liked the depth of field I was getting at f/2.8, but the camera chose a shutter speed of 1/50th. This wasn’t enough to freeze the action, but I really liked the outcome otherwise:

I decided to go with shutter priority with a shutter speed of 1/180th. I missed the focus on this one, but this was more what I was going for:

Okay, enough for today. Tomorrow: lots and lots of reseach.